Nasreddin Hoca
Türk halk bilgesi ve fıkra kahramanı
Eskişehir’in Sivrihisar ilçesinin
Hortu
köyünde 1208 yılında doğdu, 1284 yılında
Akş
ehir'de
öldü Babası Hortu
köyü imamı
Abdullah Efendi,
annesi aynı köyden
Sıdıka Hatun'dur.
Önce
Sivrihisar'da medrese
öğrenimi
gördü, babasının
ölümü
üzerine Hortu'ya
dönerek
köy imamı oldu.
1237'de Akşehir'e
yerleşerek, Seyyid Mahmud
Hayrani ve Seyyid
Hacı İbrahim'in derslerini
dinledi, İslam diniyle ilgili
çalış
malarını
sürdürdü. Bir
söylentiye
göre
medresede ders okuttu, kadılık görevinde
bulundu. Bu
görevlerinden dolayı kendisine Nasuriddin Hâce adı
verilmiş,
sonradan bu ad Nasreddin Hoca biçimini almıştır. Onun
hayat?
?yla ilgili
bilgiler, halkın kendisine olan aşırı sevgisi
yüzünden,
söylentilerle karışmış, yer yer
olağanüstü nitelikler
kazanmıştır. Bu söylentiler
arasında, onun Selçuklu
sultanlarıyla tanıştığı,
Mevlânâ Celâleddin ile
yakınlık kurduğu,
kendisinden en az yetmiş yıl sonra yaşayan Timur'la
konuştuğu,
birkaç yerde birden göründüğ
ü
bile vardır.
FIKRALARININ
ÖZELLİKLERİ
Nasreddin
Hoca'nın
değ
eri, yaşadığı olaylarla değil, gerek kendisinin, gerek
halkın onun ağzı
ndan
söylediği gülmecelerdeki anlam,
yergi ve alay öğ
elerinin
inceliğiyle
ölçülür. Onun olduğu ileri
sürülen gülmecelerin incelenmesinden, bunlarda
geçen kelimelerin açıklanışından
anlaşıldığına
göre o, belli bir dönemin değil Anadolu
halkının yaşama
biçimini, güldürü
öğesini, alay ve
eğ
lenme türünü,
övgü ve yergi
becerisini dile
getirmiştir. Onunla ilgili
gülmeceleri oluşturan öğ
elerin odağı sevgi,
yergi,
övgü, alaya alma,
gülünç duruma
düşürme, kendi
kendiyle çelişkiye
sürükleme, dinin temel kabulleriyle
çelişmeden
çok ince bir söyleyişle
hoş
görüyü
yeğlemedir. O, bunları
söylerken bilgin,
bilgisiz, açıkgöz,
uysal,
vurdumduymaz, utangaç, atak,
şaşkın, kurnaz, korkak, atılgan gibi
çelişik niteliklere
bürünür.
Özellikle
karşısındakinin
durumuyla çelişki
içinde bulunma,
gülmecelerinin genel
özelliğidir. Bu
özellikler Anadolu insanı
nın, belli olaylar karş?
?sındaki tutumunu
yansıtan, düşünce
ürünlerini oluşturur.
Nasreddin Hoca, halkın duygularını
yansı
tan, bir gülmece
odağı olarak ortaya çıkarılır.
Söyletilen kişi, söyletenin ağzını
kullanı
r,
böylece halk Nasreddin Hoca'nın diliyle kendi sesini
duyurur.
Nasreddin
Hoca, bütün fıkralarında, soyut bir varlık
olarak
değil, yaş
anmış bir olayla, bir olguyla bağlantılı bir biçimde
ortaya ç?
?kar. Olay karşısında duyulan tepkiyi ya da onayı
gülmece
türlerinden biriyle dile getirir. Tanık olduğu olaylar,
genellikle, halk arasında
geçer.
KARAKAÇAN
Nasreddin Hoca
fı
kralarında dile gelen, onun kişiliğinde, halkın
duygularını yansıtan
başka
bir özellik de eşeğin yeridir. Hoca eşeğ
inden ayrı
düş
ünülemez.Karakaçan onun
ta?
?ıtı, bineği olduğu
kadar belirli özellikleri olan bir arkadaş
karakteri de
simgeler.
xxxxxxxxx
English
Biography
NASREDDIN HODJA
All nations from
west to east
love our well-known folk philosopher and great
genius of Turkish joke. Everybody
adores
the beautiful jokes of this great folk
philosopher which maintain their actuality in all
ages.
The historical sources state that
Nasreddin Hodja was born in Hortu village of Sivrihisar
district of today's
Eskişehir in 1206. Rumor has it that he conducted his primary
education in Hortu in
Abdullah Hodja's medresah, and passed his days of childhood
in
Hortu. He
settled down in Sivrihisar with his family because of scarcity in Hortu, and
continued
his education there.
Sivrihisar is a tiny but cute
town of
Seljukian
period of that day. Young Nasreddin saw the first minaret there, went to
Turkish Bath with his
friends, and tore out green almonds from gardens. His playing the
cock to the children who
said they laid eggs in the bath, his being caught by the
garden
owner while he was stealing
fruits from the tree and answering the question
(What are you
doing on the tree?) that (I am a
nightingale) and his chirping like a
nightingale are among
his childhood memories in
Sivrihisar.
Nasrettin Hodja went to
capital city Konya to proceed
his education later on.
Nasreddin Hodja settled down in a
medrasah in Konya and started his
education. In
those days, he lived an event. It was
prohibited to carry knife in the city. One
night,
the Chief Inspector of the city found a big
bayonet with Nasreddin Hodja. Nasreddin
Hodja said: (I beg your pardon. I am a medrasah
student. I scrape of mistakes on the
books
with that). The Chief Inspector asked: (What is
the need for such a long
bayonet for one
mistake?), and he gave the best reply:
(Sometimes there are such
mistakes on books that
even this bayonet is not enough!).
We see that he worked as
shade kadi for some period after he
graduated
from medrasah in Konya. Shade kadis are
candidate kadis working with
experienced
judges and hearing some tiny cases. One of his
kadi memories is: one day a
man who
said (Hink) in front of a person breaking firewood
claimed his right from the
woodcutter,
and applied to the court when he did not. Nasreddin
Hodja clinked a money
bag of
coins while hearing that case and judged (Now take the sound
of coins).
Nasreddin Hodja, who resigned from his duty as a kadi,
and
left
Konya to migrate to Akşehir on great scholar Seyid Mahmud Hayrani's settling
down in Akşehir, now found his personality and analyzed events with the eye of a
specialized sociolog. We see Nasreddin Hodja as a suffering, hoping, worrying person
who
drowned his worries with a joke.
He went to a feast
with
his new
fur, and upon his being esteemed, said (Eat my fur, eat) to criticize the
evaluation
of the
community taking merely appearance as a basis, he revealed the
truth of greed in
the story of
bearing cauldron. He gave a wise answer to those who
asked (is it possible
that a lake holds
yogurt?) while he added yogurt to Akşehir lake
that: (What if it
holds?)...
Is it a small lesson for humanity
that one day he rose
to the sermon and asked
"O people do you know what
I am going to say?), on
some of the people's
saying "we
know" and others'
"we do not
know", he
answered (Then those who know should teach
those who do not
know!), and
declining from the rostrum? Isn't the main principle of
education teaching of
knowledgeable ones to uninformed ones?
Events he lived
with
Mongol prince Keygatu which were later on attributed to
Timur, elephant stories
which were
well-known, his famous molla in the days of his
teaching at the medrasah
in Akşehir and his
dear donkey he took everywhere with him
maintained their
importance for him during his whole
life.
That
he replied
people laughing because he fell from his
donkey that: (Why are you laughing? I
was
about to dismount already), and his looking for his
lost donkey singing a folk song and
replying those who asked why he did so: (I have my last
hope behind that mountain,
see
my lament if I cannot find it there too...), are all among
anecdotes of his colorful
and
multidimensional life.
Nasreddin
Hodja married in
Akşehir
and had children. The gravestones of his two daughters, Fatma
Hatun and
Durr-u Melek,
were found in recent years and were taken to Aksehir museum.
He has a joke. He gave a jug to one of his daughters to fill
from the
spring, and
warned not to break strictly, and slapped. Those who saw
rebuked Hodja (Why
did you
slap, what did she do?) Hodja's answer is gives a
lesson: (Not to break the
jug...
What is the use of it if I slap after she broke it? If I slap
before, she would take care, and
not break it...) On one of the gravestones, there is
the picture of Durr-u Melek too.
He died in 1284 in
Aksehir when he was about to be eighty. A
domed
tomb bore by six columns was
constructed on his grave. Under the dome, there is
a marble
coffin pertaining to
Nasreddin hodja. The epitaph in the head side of the coffin
reads 683 after
hijrah, the
date of his date reverse. There is the Seljukian period lock for
symbolic purposes to
lock the Tomb, which is open in all sides.
Nasreddin
Hodja's death was his rebirth. His sound idea structure which
formed as a basis
for
community maintained its validity each elapsing year and centuries
made him
younger, and his
reputation went beyond Turkey borders and was heard in all
over the
world. Today, Nasreddin
Hodja is a man of humanity.
People of Aksehir arrange festivals
each year in July for their Nasreddin
Hodja,
whom they like very much. Goodness and
happiness messages are spread to
our world,
which could not rest in peace, from Nasreddin
Hodja in those
festivals.
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27/09/2008 11:26 
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